Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Policy in Korea, Japan, China, the United Kingdom, the United States, France and Germany, 2025

Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Policy Review (EEPR), 13(1) · January 2026

This report reviews the entrepreneurial ecosystem policy that the governments of Korea, Japan, China, the United Kingdom, the United States, France and Germany set out from January to December 2025 in six domains — regulation and law, finance, culture, support, human capital and markets — and analyses it in its context, against theory and in practice. All seven turned from start-ups to scale-ups and made finance the centre of policy, while culture remained the thinnest domain. The best measures let private investors choose the firms that public money followed, lowered the cost of failure or turned duties into enforceable rules; the worst cut early-stage research grants, raised barriers to foreign founders and skilled hires, or offered incentives too briefly to change decisions. Five of the seven governments changed during the year, and much of their policy was announced late in the year or still pending at its end.